What is torque multiplication in gear systems?

Torque multiplication refers to the ability of a gear system to increase the output torque compared to the input torque. When gears are designed to provide torque multiplication, especially in applications where heavy loads need to be moved, the output torque is greater than the input torque due to the mechanical advantage created by the gear ratio. In these systems, a smaller gear drives a larger gear, which results in an increase of torque at the output while usually decreasing the rotational speed.

This characteristic is particularly valuable in applications such as machinery, where heavy loads need to be lifted or moved. The increased output torque makes it possible to handle these loads more effectively without requiring a proportionate increase in input energy or force.

The other choices relate to different aspects of gear systems but do not specifically define torque multiplication. For instance, reducing input force or decreasing speed might occur due to various mechanical configurations but are not the defining factors for torque multiplication itself. Similarly, while energy loss can be a consideration in any mechanical system, multiplying energy loss does not contribute to the role of gear systems in enhancing torque output.